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The Forgotten Plague: How the Battle Against Tuberculosis Was Won - And Lost, by Frank Ryan
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Ryan, a physician, offers a history of the cure for tuberculosis, including accounts of the people and scientists involved. The final chapter spells out a renewed threat in the congruence of AIDS and tuberculosis.
- Sales Rank: #995046 in Books
- Published on: 1994-09-14
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 8.50" h x 1.10" w x 5.51" l, 1.42 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 488 pages
- ISBN13: 9780316763813
- Condition: New
- Notes: BRAND NEW FROM PUBLISHER! 100% Satisfaction Guarantee. Tracking provided on most orders. Buy with Confidence! Millions of books sold!
From Publishers Weekly
Ryan traces the history of tuberculosis, its apparent cures and contemporary reemergence.
Copyright 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Library Journal
Tuberculosis, Ryan reminds us, is not just a disease of gracefully suffering artists in period costumes. Shockingly, 1.7 billion people worldwide are infected, including 10 million Americans. Aggravated by AIDS and homelessness, new and often drug-resistant cases threaten to unleash what has been called "the greatest public health disaster since the bubonic plague." Ryan, a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Physicians and a Member of the New York Academy of Sciences, narrates the history of the search for a cure of this terrifying disease. He describes both the tedious drudgery and the seemingly mystical flashes of insight of an international group of brilliant scientists, including four Nobel Prize winners. They combated a "sinister chameleon" of a disease for which cure after cure was developed, only to be discarded after TB bacteria mutated into new variations that left promising therapies apparently useless. A compelling picture of the process of scientific research as well as a troubling look at an emerging public health crisis, Ryan's book is recommended for all libraries.
- Kathy Arsenault, Univ. of South Florida, St. Petersburg
Copyright 1993 Reed Business Information, Inc.
From Kirkus Reviews
A lively account of how scientists worked for years to tame tuberculosis--only to find the disease rebounding with increased virulence as drug-resistant strains developed and as the emergence of the AIDS virus triggered a surge in deadly TB infections. Ryan (a fellow of the UK's Royal Academy of Physicians), pays homage to the men of science who conquered TB, one of humanity's oldest plagues and a killer of a billion people during the past two centuries alone. He recounts at length and in detail the lives of those whose work led to the discovery of the drugs used to treat TB. We see Ren‚ Dubos, for instance, searching diligently for antibiotics among soil microorganisms at N.Y.C.'s Rockefeller Institute while his young wife is dying of TB at a sanitorium miles away, and we watch Gerhard Domagk working doggedly on sulphonamides under horrendous conditions in war-torn Germany and then being forced by the Nazis to turn down the Nobel Prize. Ryan's style often is highly charged: Tuberculosis is ``the greatest killer in history''; scientific discoveries are greeted with ``incandescent excitement''; AIDS is a ``new phantasmagoria of terror.'' Meanwhile, personal tragedies and triumphs make up the first three-quarters of the book, but the real message lies in the finale: Although an entire generation in the West has grown up with little knowledge of, or experience with, TB, the disease is making a comeback, this time as a superbug, resistant to every drug. If action is not taken quickly, the results of the present epidemic will be, in Ryan's words, ``apocalyptic.'' Dramatic, sometimes even melodramatic, writing in the historical parts may heighten the book's appeal to some, but it lessens the credibility of the genuine alarm being sounded in the conclusion. (Twenty-four b&w photographs--not seen) -- Copyright ©1993, Kirkus Associates, LP. All rights reserved.
Most helpful customer reviews
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Must reading: how science happens. Why is it out of print?
By Robin Wolfson
Certainly the great hallmark of modern civilization is the dramatically increased ease of communication, and it is this ease of communication which has so changed the face of modern science. It is fitting, then, that Dr. Ryan begins his book with a brief history of tuberculosis leading up to Koch's epic-making lecture on 24 August 1882 announcing his discovery of the cause of tuberculosis. Towards the end of the chapter he quotes the protest of an editor at the New York Times about the delay in receiving the news in America; the editor wrote, "it is safe to say that the little pamphlet which was left to find its way through the slow mails . . . outweighed in importance and interest for the human race all the press dispatches which have been flashed under the Channel since the date of the delivery of the address - March 24."
As the book proceeds, we see the effect of the growth of the worldwide scientific establishment and the network of scientists and ideas that have led the battle against the "white plague." As fascinating and compelling as is the subject of the search for the cure for tuberculosis, I think an even more important theme of the book is just exactly how science works. We see Paul Erlich influenced by Koch's lecture and the coincidental development of the sanatorium movement. We see Selman Waksman working in soil microbiology and taking as an assistant the young René Dubos who, reading an article by Winogradsky, would drastically change his career to focus on what he described as "the biochemical unity of life" and what would come to be known as the ecology of disease and health. We see Oswald Avery (see "The Great Influenza" by John M. Barry) assisted partially by Dubos in discovering "that DNA was the wonder chemical of heredity and life." And we're still only about a quarter of the way through the book.
It's true that the book reads somewhat like a thriller, with one discovery leading to the next, and with the inevitable dead ends and red herrings, but through it all we are impressed with the steady, relentless stream of study, investigation, and discovery. It is certainly one of the best illustrations I have ever read of how science works. It should be required reading for, well, everyone.
6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Simply amazing!!
By Francisco Alvarez
As a lung doctor coming from a country where tuberculosis is a common disease I thought this book was going to be interesting. I was wrong. It was fascinating! I made the mistake of start reading it while I was working on some professional projects. The result was several nights of poor sleep just because I started my reading after finishing my work late at night and I just could not stop reading it! I am going to buy several copies for some of my coleagues. This is a great book
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
The Danger from Tuberculosis
By Acute Observer
The Forgotten Plague
Dr. Frank Ryan is a consulting physician and lecturer who lives in Sheffield England. He is a Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians, a Member of the New York Academy of Science, and a Member of the British Society of Gastroenterology. This 1993 book has four Parts, 22 chapters, and an ‘Index’ for its 460 pages. This is the story about the search for a tuberculosis cure. It was written for ordinary people. TB was the greatest killer of people (‘Introduction’). It continues today but the story isn’t publicized. In the last two centuries TB killed a thousand million people. TB destroys bones, one effect is the “hunchback”. One grave from 5,000 years BC shows the effects of TB. TB was a common disease in ancient Egypt, as shown in mummies (Chapter 1). TB was known in America before Columbus. Robert Koch discovered the bacilli that caused TB in 1882.
It is mostly spread by inhalation, this makes everyone susceptible (Chapter 2). Most are exposed when they are children. Undernourishment allows TB to advance. It causes osteomyelitis. County people were less prone to TB than those who lived in crowded towns and cities. Chapter 3 tells about Selman Waksman and his research at Rutgers College in New Brunswick NJ. Chapter 4 tells about René Dubos, who left France for America and was hired by Waksman, then studied microbiology. He found an enzyme that would dissolve the capsule protecting pneumococci so white blood cells could destroy them (Chapter 5). But the discovery of Prontosil surpassed it. Chapter 6 gives Gerhard Domagk’s early years. He found azo dyes had curative properties. The team discovered the sulfa drugs that killed streptococcus germs. Prontosil cured many bacterial infections (Chapter 7). Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillium notatem by accident (Chapter 8). It had no effect on TB. René Dubos found a bacillus that destroyed pneumococci (Chapter 10). Poor diet and malnutrition were causes of TB.
‘Part III’ is called “The Great Cure”. The death rate from TB doubled during World War One (Chapter 11). This was repeated in WW II (food rationing, long factory hours, crowded housing, etc.). Chapter 12 describes the bombing of one German city. Albert Schatz discovered an antibiotic that would destroy many types of germs (Chapter 13). Jorgen Lehmann found the para-amino salt of aspirin had anti-tuberculosis properties (Chapter 15). It inhibited its growth. In 1946 Sweden they announced the news that PAS was a cure for TB. Some doctors had doubts. In 1945 they announced the results for streptomycin (Chapter 17). It was a breakthrough, but not every patient was cured. It could cause deafness. Malnourishment, poor housing, etc. led to an epidemic of TB (Chapter 18).
Conteben was used against many forms of TB. There were problems with streptomycin (Chapter 19). Germs developed resistance! PAS had advantages. Combining the two was better. Conteben healed TB but was then unknown outside Germany (Chapter 20). The German patents were not recognized by the Allies. Nicotinamide damaged TB germs. Isoniazid cured hopeless cases (p.355). Isoniazid was first created in 1912, it could not be patented (p.359). But bacterial resistance was a problem in a minority of patients (p.363). The Nobel Prize for 1952 went to Selman Waksman alone (Chapter 21). Albert Schatz was excluded. Treating patients with three drugs cured TB. New drugs were produced (p.384). The death rate from TB dropped, sanitoria were closed. But by 1986-87 some patients were dying under mysterious circumstances (p.385). It was AIDS. TB had returned (Chapter 22)!
But funding for TB was slashed (p.390). But TB was still spreading (p.393). HIV attacked the immune cells that attacked TB (p.398). They found a patient whose TB was resistant to every known anti-tuberculosis drug (p.406)! This was repeated in other countries (pp.408-409). Health care workers were endangered. More research is needed into the germ that causes TB. The BCG vaccine will not prevent a new global epidemic (p.412). A new drug rifabutin had advantages. TB has been around since the Stone Age. AIDS allows infections that are usually preventable (p.415). There is a new battle against one of the oldest and most formidable scourges of humanity. Its success depends on whether sufficient money will be spent to win the battle. Over twenty years later I note that little is mentioned in the corporate media about this problem. Will a lack of publicity solve the problem?
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